TURNPIKE IMPROVEMENTS AIM TO BOOST SAFETY AND CONNECTIVITY FOR NEW HAMPSHIRE DRIVERS

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Granite State Reporter | Published September 29, 2024 10:59

Casella Waste Systems’ zero-sort recycling program is marketed as a simple, effective solution that allows customers to dispose of all recyclables in a single bin, eliminating the need to separate materials at the source. While this approach promises to make recycling more accessible and environmentally friendly, the reality behind zero-sort paints a much different picture. A large portion of the materials collected through this system never reach recycling facilities and instead end up in landfills, raising concerns about the program's true impact on the environment and whether its marketed claims are misleading.

THE ILLUSION OF ZERO-SORT: CONTAMINATION & LANDFILLING
The cornerstone of zero-sort recycling is convenience. By allowing consumers to throw all recyclable materials—glass, plastic, paper, and metals—into one bin, Casella promotes an easy solution to a complex problem. However, this convenience comes with significant downsides, chief among them being contamination. When different materials are mixed together, even a small amount of food residue, liquids, or grease can render entire batches of recyclables unusable. Contaminated materials are often too costly or difficult to clean, forcing waste management companies to send them to landfills instead of recycling centers.

Data from municipalities using zero-sort systems show that contamination rates can range from 15% to 27%, depending on the type of materials and local recycling practices. In some areas, contamination rates are even higher. When materials like food-soiled cardboard, broken glass, or greasy plastics are collected in a zero-sort bin, they spoil not only themselves but also other clean materials they come into contact with. As a result, a significant portion of what consumers believe is being recycled ends up being landfilled instead.

THE REAL NUMBERS: WHAT ENDS UP IN LANDFILLS?
While zero-sort programs are promoted as an environmentally responsible service, the numbers tell a different story. Research indicates that 40-50% of the materials collected through zero-sort recycling end up in landfills due to contamination or inefficiencies in sorting. This figure is much higher than the typical 30% contamination rate that is often cited. In some regions, the percentage of material being landfilled is even higher, depending on local recycling infrastructure and market conditions.

HOW MUCH ENDS UP IN LANDFILLS? 

• Glass: As much as 40-60% of glass in zero-sort systems ends up in landfills due to contamination from breakage and mixing with other materials.
• Plastics: Plastics are notoriously difficult to recycle, and the contamination rates in zero-sort programs push the already low plastic recycling rate even lower. Globally, 91% of plastics end up in landfills, and zero-sort programs contribute significantly to this problem.
• Paper and Cardboard: While paper and cardboard have a relatively high recycling rate when separated properly, contamination in zero-sort systems causes 20-30% of the material to be discarded in landfills.
• Metal: Metals, such as aluminum and steel, are some of the most successfully recycled materials, but even in zero-sort systems, 10-15% of metal can be contaminated and sent to landfills.

These statistics reveal that Casella’s zero-sort system is not as effective as advertised. Instead of reducing waste, it often increases the amount of recyclable material that is ultimately sent to landfills, negating much of the environmental benefit that consumers expect from participating in the program.

PROFITING FROM RECYCLING & LANDFILLING
One of the most concerning aspects of Casella’s zero-sort system is the economic structure behind it. Customers pay a premium for the convenience of not having to sort their recyclables. However, when contaminated materials are discarded as waste, Casella often profits again through landfill tipping fees. In other words, Casella collects payment for recycling services while simultaneously benefiting from the disposal of materials that should have been recycled. This raises ethical concerns about the motivations behind the zero-sort system.

Casella’s ongoing efforts to expand its landfill operations only heighten these concerns. With more materials from the zero-sort program being funneled into landfills due to contamination, there is growing demand for landfill space. Rather than improving recycling systems or investing in contamination reduction strategies, the company’s business model appears to prioritize landfill expansion—a path that undermines the very principles of sustainable waste management.

CASELLA'S MARKETING: EMPTY PROMISES OF ZERO-SORT
While Casella advertises zero-sort recycling as a solution that reduces waste and makes recycling easier, the evidence suggests otherwise. The company’s marketing focuses on the convenience of a single-bin system, but it glosses over the significant contamination issues that come with it. Consumers are led to believe that the materials they place in their recycling bins will be responsibly processed, but in reality, a large portion is landfilled due to contamination.

This discrepancy between what is promised and what is delivered can be viewed as misleading. It creates a false sense of environmental responsibility among consumers, who believe they are doing their part to reduce waste, only to find that much of their effort is wasted when their recyclables end up in landfills. Casella’s failure to address this problem more transparently undermines consumer trust and calls into question the true efficacy of zero-sort recycling.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: MORE LANDFILLS, MORE PROBLEMS
The environmental cost of zero-sort recycling goes beyond the waste itself. When recyclables are contaminated and landfilled, the environmental benefits of recycling—such as conserving resources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions—are lost. Instead, the waste contributes to methane emissions, soil and water contamination, and the loss of valuable resources that could have been reused.

As more waste is funneled into landfills, the need for expanded landfill capacity grows. Casella’s push for new and expanded landfills in New England reflects this increasing demand. This trend is not only environmentally damaging but also places a burden on local communities, which must contend with the negative effects of nearby landfills, including air and water pollution, reduced property values, and public health risks.

A PATH FORWARD: REDEFINING RECYCLING
Casella’s zero-sort system represents a flawed approach to recycling. While the concept of convenience is appealing, the reality is that it sacrifices environmental outcomes for ease of use. To address these issues, more transparent communication about what can and cannot be recycled is essential. Educating the public on proper recycling practices and reducing contamination should be a priority for any waste management company claiming to promote sustainability.

Municipalities and businesses must reconsider the value of zero-sort systems. Returning to source-separated recycling, where materials are sorted at the source by the consumer, may involve more effort, but it significantly reduces contamination and increases recycling rates. Investments in better sorting technology and infrastructure can further enhance recycling efficiency and prevent the need for expanded landfills.

THE NEED FOR ACCOUNTABILITY
Casella’s zero-sort system, while marketed as an environmentally responsible solution, falls short of its promises. With a significant percentage of collected recyclables ending up in landfills, consumers are left paying for a service that does not deliver the benefits it advertises. The company’s marketing paints an image of convenience, but the reality is that zero-sort often leads to more waste, not less. As more information comes to light, it is clear that greater transparency and accountability are needed in the recycling industry.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Container Recycling Institute
The Guardian
Resource Recycling Systems (RRS)
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

Granite State Reporter | Published September 25, 2024 15:39

CONCORD, New Hampshire—On the evening of September 23, 2024, a coordinated effort between the New Hampshire State Police and Concord Police Department led to the capture of Charles Cutting II, a 37-year-old man from Rumney, following a high-stakes pursuit. Cutting, wanted on an active warrant for multiple counts of domestic violence and assault, attempted to evade law enforcement, but the pursuit ended with his arrest on a walking trail near Interstate 393.

The operation began in Rumney, where Cutting was wanted on serious charges, including three counts of second-degree assault, four counts of domestic violence, and criminal threatening. The pursuit escalated when Cutting was located in Concord, leading officers on a chase that took a dangerous turn when he fled to the campus of NHTI. As a precaution, the campus was placed in a temporary shelter-in-place order while police searched the area. Cutting abandoned his vehicle and attempted to escape through the surrounding woods but was apprehended shortly after on a nearby trail.

Pursuits in urban and semi-urban settings can pose significant risks to both officers and the public, requiring coordinated efforts and specialized tactics to ensure a safe resolution. In this case, the rapid response by state and local law enforcement helped prevent further danger to the community.

In addition to his original charges, Cutting now faces additional charges of disobeying an officer, two counts of reckless conduct, and reckless operation. These charges highlight the risks associated with fleeing law enforcement, particularly when it endangers public safety. Pursuits involving suspects with violent histories often result in heightened risks of reckless behavior, making quick and decisive action by law enforcement crucial.

Shelter-in-place protocols, such as the one implemented at NHTI, are designed to protect the public during critical incidents. These measures are essential for ensuring public safety during high-risk events involving potentially dangerous individuals. In this instance, the precautionary lockdown of the campus allowed law enforcement to focus on locating and apprehending the suspect without further escalation.

As the investigation continues, authorities are encouraging anyone with additional information to contact Sgt. Sean Smarz of the New Hampshire State Police at (603) 892-5512..

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
New Hampshire Department of Safety
New Hampshire State Police
Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Granite State Reporter | Published September 25, 2024 15:33

NEW HAMPSHIRE—This week, as we mark Falls Prevention Awareness Week from September 23-27, 2024, the New Hampshire State Fire Marshal’s Office, in collaboration with the National Council on Aging (NCOA) and the New Hampshire Falls Risk Reduction Task Force, is raising awareness about one of the most significant dangers facing older adults: the risk of falls. Falling is not a normal part of aging, and through preventive measures, we can help safeguard the health and well-being of New Hampshire’s senior population.

Falls remain a leading cause of injury and death for those aged 65 and older. In 2021, falls led to 239 fatalities, over 4,000 hospitalizations, and nearly 14,300 emergency room visits. The state’s older population continues to grow, with approximately 20% of residents aged 65 or older, and experts estimate that one in four seniors will experience a fall each year.

However, there is good news—falls are largely preventable. Evidence-based strategies, such as balance and strength exercises, home hazard reduction, and proper medication management, significantly reduce the risk of falls. Programs that focus on improving balance and flexibility, along with vision care and home safety modifications, have proven to be effective in cutting fall rates among older adults. 

One of the key resources being highlighted during this awareness week is a free online falls risk assessment tool, made available through the NCOA. Older adults and their caregivers can complete a short survey to identify common risk factors and take action to mitigate them. This tool can be accessed at www.ncoa.org/tools/falls-free-checkup and offers a practical starting point for those looking to assess their fall risk.

Fall prevention is essential not just for avoiding physical injuries but also for maintaining independence and quality of life. Through awareness, education, and proactive interventions, communities can play a pivotal role in supporting older adults and reducing the burden of fall-related injuries.

As Falls Prevention Awareness Week continues, the New Hampshire State Fire Marshal’s Office encourages all older residents, along with their families and caregivers, to take advantage of these resources and commit to making small, yet impactful, changes that can prevent falls and improve health outcomes.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
NH State Fire Marshal's Office
New Hampshire Department of Safety
New Hampshire Division of Health & Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
National Council on Aging (NCOA)
National Institute on Aging (NIA)

Granite State Reporter | Published September 25, 2024 15:24

SOMERSWORTH, New Hampshire—In an update following a residential fire on Crystal Springs Way, authorities have identified the victim as 63-year-old Kevin Shea. The New Hampshire Medical Examiner’s Office has confirmed that Shea's death was unrelated to the fire, although the investigation into the cause of the blaze remains ongoing.

The incident, which occurred on September 20, 2024, prompted a coordinated response from the Somersworth Fire and Police Departments, as well as the New Hampshire State Fire Marshal’s Office. Although the fire itself was brought under control, a deceased individual was discovered inside. Fire-related fatalities, although less common than other forms of accidental deaths, still pose significant risks, particularly in residential settings. Home fires account for the majority of fire-related deaths, with approximately three out of five fatalities occurring in homes without working smoke alarms.

Even though Shea's death was not fire-related, the investigation into the cause of the fire is critical in understanding the circumstances surrounding the incident. Determining the origin of a fire is a crucial step in improving fire prevention strategies and identifying potential hazards in residential areas. Investigations like these help communities take proactive steps to prevent future tragedies by improving fire safety measures.

Fires in residential settings can occur for a variety of reasons, from electrical malfunctions to human error. Cooking, heating equipment, and electrical distribution systems are among the leading causes of home fires. As the investigation in Somersworth continues, these potential factors will be examined closely by fire and law enforcement officials.

While no further details are available at this time, the Somersworth Fire Department, Police Department, and State Fire Marshal’s Office continue to work together to uncover the full circumstances of this tragic event. Authorities are urging the public to remain vigilant about fire safety and to ensure that homes are equipped with functioning smoke detectors, a key preventative measure that can save lives.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
NH State Fire Marshal's Office
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
U.S. Fire Administration (USFA)
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Granite State Reporter | Published September 25, 2024 15:13

OSSIPEE, New Hampshire—In a coordinated response on the evening of September 10, 2024, multiple law enforcement agencies converged on Bayle Mountain Road in Ossipee, New Hampshire, following 911 reports of two men engaged in a violent altercation. Officer Carrie Blackwood of the Ossipee Police Department and Deputy Jaclyn Cortese of the Carroll County Sheriff's Office were among the first responders, joined by units from NH State Police Troop E, Effingham Police, and Madison Police to assist in controlling the scene.

After a thorough on-scene investigation, 34-year-old Joseph Allen Souza, Jr., of Ossipee, was arrested on multiple domestic violence-related charges. These included Second Degree Assault – Strangulation (a Class B felony), Criminal Threatening with a Deadly Weapon (a Class B felony), and several counts of Simple Assault (Class A misdemeanors). Souza was taken into custody without incident and transported to the Carroll County Jail, where he was held without bail pending his arraignment.

Domestic violence incidents, like the one in Ossipee, continue to be a significant issue across the nation. One in four women and one in nine men experience severe intimate partner violence, leading to physical injury, fear, and psychological trauma. The prompt response by multiple law enforcement agencies in this case highlights the importance of coordinated efforts to ensure the safety of those involved.

The arraignment took place on September 11, 2024, before Judge Elizabeth Paine in the Ossipee District Court. The judge ordered Souza to be held without bail under preventative detention, a legal measure that prevents potentially dangerous individuals from being released prior to trial. Preventative detention is frequently used in cases involving violence or threats, ensuring public safety while legal proceedings move forward.

The involvement of mutual aid partners, including Action Ambulance and West Ossipee Fire Department, was instrumental in the response. Mutual aid agreements between local agencies enhance the capacity of smaller communities to handle emergencies and ensure rapid, coordinated action during critical incidents.

The investigation into this incident remains ongoing, with authorities urging anyone with additional information to contact Officer Blackwood of the Ossipee Police Department. The ongoing need for community awareness, legal enforcement, and comprehensive support for victims in domestic violence cases is vital.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
Ossipee, NH Police Department
National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCADV)
Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
U.S. Department of Justice

Granite State Reporter | Published September 25, 2024 14:44

MANCHESTER, New Hampshire—In a disturbing case that has shaken the Manchester community, police arrested a local man in connection with the assault of a 5-year-old child. On September 9, 2024, Manchester authorities took 27-year-old Domingo Pacheco into custody after an investigation into a suspected case of child abuse. The case came to light on August 23, 2024, when the Department of Children, Youth, and Families (DCYF) notified law enforcement of an injury to a child’s face, which had been reported anonymously and raised suspicions of abuse.

As the investigation unfolded, police determined that Pacheco was responsible for the child’s care at the time of the incident. An arrest warrant was promptly issued, charging him with Second Degree Assault. Pacheco later turned himself in and is currently being held in preventative detention.

This case is emblematic of the larger national issue of child abuse. More than 656,000 children were confirmed victims of abuse or neglect in 2021 alone, with neglect and physical abuse being the most common forms. Tragically, children under the age of 5 are particularly vulnerable, making up a significant portion of abuse cases.

The involvement of DCYF in this case highlights the critical role that child protective services play in identifying and addressing suspected abuse. Early intervention and collaboration between agencies such as DCYF and law enforcement are vital in protecting children from ongoing harm.

Preventative detention, as seen in Pacheco’s case, is a legal tool used to ensure the accused remains in custody to prevent further harm while awaiting trial. Child abuse cases involving serious physical injury often lead to higher rates of pretrial detention, as courts seek to balance public safety with the rights of the accused.

Identifying and reporting child abuse is of utmost importance. As the legal process continues, the Manchester community remains focused on ensuring justice for the young victim while recognizing the broader need to protect vulnerable children from harm.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
Manchester NH Police
Children’s Bureau
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)

Granite State Reporter | Published September 25, 2024 11:44

NEWPORT, New Hampshire—In a reassuring update to the community, the Newport School District announced that an investigation into a recent threat has concluded with no credible danger identified. Following a thorough probe conducted by the Newport Police Department, officials have confirmed that all schools will resume their regular schedules without disruption. This swift and decisive action underscores the commitment of law enforcement and school administrators to maintaining the safety of students, staff, and the broader community.

The Newport Police Department will continue its vigilant efforts, even after the conclusion of this investigation. The ongoing presence and proactive measures taken by law enforcement serve as a crucial deterrent to potential threats against educational institutions. Over 90% of schools have implemented some form of safety and security measures, ranging from controlled access to law enforcement presence, in a bid to reduce threats and ensure a safe learning environment.

School threats, unfortunately, have become a growing concern nationwide. School-related threats—whether real or hoaxes—can create widespread panic, disrupt learning, and strain community resources. Events like the one investigated in Newport highlight the importance of both rapid response and clear communication between schools and law enforcement.

The Newport School District's handling of the situation also reflects a broader trend in prioritizing school safety. According to the U.S. Department of Education's guidelines on crisis response, collaboration between educational institutions and local law enforcement is vital in mitigating risk and ensuring the safety of students. The importance of maintaining open channels of communication with the community during such incidents cannot be overstated, as it helps to alleviate concerns and provide transparency.

As the Newport schools return to their normal routines, parents and community members can be assured that the safety of their children remains a top priority. The district’s commitment, paired with the ongoing support from local police, exemplifies the proactive steps communities across the country are taking to safeguard their schools.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
Newport Police Department
National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)
FBI National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC)
U.S. Department of Education

Granite State Reporter | Published September 25, 2024 11:39

As communities gear up for National Prescription Drug Take Back Day on October 26, 2024, New Hampshire residents are encouraged to take part in this important event to safely dispose of their unused or expired medications. Many local police departments across the state will be participating in the initiative, so it's important to contact your local department for specific drop-off locations and guidelines.

To ensure a smooth and efficient process, authorities are requesting that all medications be emptied from their original containers. Participants should place their pills and capsules into a single Ziploc bag before dropping them off at their local police department. This helps streamline the disposal process while ensuring privacy by eliminating labeled containers.

Drug Take Back Day plays a pivotal role in reducing prescription drug misuse, a growing issue across the country. Over 16 million people misuse prescription drugs annually, often obtaining them from family or friends who may have leftover medications. By engaging in events like this, community members are not only removing potential hazards from their homes but also contributing to broader public health and safety efforts.

This program also serves an important environmental function. Improperly disposing of medications by flushing them or throwing them in the trash can result in contamination of water supplies, threatening both human and environmental health. Participating in the drug take-back initiative ensures these substances are disposed of in an environmentally safe manner.

New Hampshire residents are urged to take this simple yet significant step in ensuring their homes, communities, and the environment are safer. By contacting local police departments for drop-off details and following the Ziploc bag guideline, everyone can play a part in reducing prescription drug misuse.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Drug Take Back Day

Granite State Reporter | Published September 25, 2024 11:29

MANCHESTER, New Hampshire—On the evening of September 8, 2024, Manchester Police Officers responded to a call at 144 Pearl Street regarding an escalating argument between neighbors.

According to the initial report, a woman claimed that her neighbor had struck her vehicle. As the two attempted to address the issue, tensions rose, and the neighbor, identified as 47-year-old Kymberleigh Lamson, allegedly punched one of the individuals involved.

When officers arrived on the scene, they detained Lamson as part of their investigation. However, she was immediately uncooperative and confrontational. Despite repeated warnings, Lamson ignored police instructions and attempted to leave the scene. This resulted in her being handcuffed and arrested. During the arrest, she continued to resist, kicking an officer in the leg. After being placed in a police cruiser, Lamson escalated her combative behavior, spitting in an officer's face and assaulting another, while also kicking the cruiser’s rear windows.

There were over 56,000 reported assaults on law enforcement officers in 2022, with a significant portion occurring during arrest situations. These interactions add to the complexity of arrest proceedings, as officers must maintain safety and composure.

Once in custody, Lamson remained uncooperative throughout the booking process and was subsequently transported to Valley Street Jail. She now faces multiple charges, including Resisting Arrest and several counts of Simple Assault. Resisting arrest not only complicates legal outcomes, it also increases the likelihood of additional charges and more severe penalties.

A report found that nearly 20% of all violent incidents involve disputes between neighbors or acquaintances. Effective de-escalation tactics, whether by law enforcement or community mediators, play a vital role in preventing these situations from spiraling out of control.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
Manchester NH Police
FBI Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR)
National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)

Granite State Reporter | Published September 22, 2024 10:19

FRANCESTOWN, New Hampshire—In the early hours of September 21, 2024, a tragic single-vehicle crash claimed the life of 21-year-old Nolan Trottier. At approximately 4:15 a.m., State Troopers responded to the scene on Route 136, where a passerby reported the accident. Unfortunately, the vehicle, a 2023 Subaru Crosstrek, caught fire after colliding with a tree, preventing any immediate aid. Trottier, the sole occupant, was pronounced dead at the scene.

This incident is part of a concerning trend, as young adult drivers are statistically at higher risk of fatal crashes. Drivers aged 21-24 are involved in a disproportionate number of fatal accidents compared to other age groups. Single-vehicle crashes, particularly those involving a fixed object like a tree, account for a significant portion of these fatalities, often linked to factors such as speeding, drowsy driving, or impaired driving.

Data reveals that rural roads, while making up only a fraction of total roadways, account for nearly half of all traffic fatalities in the U.S. These roads tend to have higher speed limits, fewer safety features, and are often poorly lit, contributing to the elevated risks.

The investigation into the crash is ongoing. Authorities are requesting that anyone who witnessed the incident or has any information that could aid in the investigation reach out to Trooper Alexander Guilbeault at Alexander.R.Guilbeault@dos.nh.gov or call (603) 223-4381.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
New Hampshire Department of Safety
New Hampshire State Police
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS)
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)

Granite State Reporter | Published September 22, 2024 10:13

SOMERSWORTH, New Hampshire—A tragic fire broke out on September 20, 2024, claiming the life of one individual. The fire, reported at 11:39 a.m. from a mobile home on Crystal Springs Way, quickly drew response teams from the Somersworth Fire Department and mutual aid units from surrounding communities. Upon entering the residence to suppress the flames, firefighters discovered an adult male deceased. The fire was brought under control by 12:25 p.m., but the investigation into the cause remains ongoing, with the New Hampshire State Fire Marshal's Office leading the inquiry.

Residential properties like mobile homes are often at greater risk. Fires in mobile homes are more likely to be fatal compared to other types of residences. The unique materials and structure of mobile homes can allow fires to spread more rapidly, giving residents less time to escape.

Further investigation will determine the origin of the Somersworth fire. The majority of fatal residential fires occur in homes without working smoke alarms. In 2021, over 50% of fire fatalities took place in homes where no alarms were present, or the alarms were not functioning.

Maintaining fire prevention systems, such as smoke alarms and fire extinguishers, greatly reduces the risk of tragedies.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
New Hampshire Department of Safety
NH State Fire Marshal's Office
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
U.S. Fire Administration (USFA)

Granite State Reporter | Published September 21, 2024 09:52

Emojis, once a simple means to enhance textual conversations by adding emotional depth and tone, have transcended their original role. While these vibrant characters continue to enrich our daily digital exchanges, they have also taken on a more complex role in the landscape of online communication. Beyond their cheerful appearances, emojis have increasingly been used as tools for ambiguous communication and, in more severe cases, for harassment, intimidation, and condescension.

Emojis were created in the late 1990s by Japanese artist Shigetaka Kurita, who aimed to add expressiveness to the bland text messages of the time. The initial set of 176 emojis has now exploded into thousands of icons, embraced globally across various platforms and devices. This expansion reflects not just an increase in quantity but also a shift in usage patterns and societal norms surrounding digital communication.

The dual nature of emojis lies in their ability to convey messages that might be socially inappropriate or aggressive if stated directly in text. For example, a seemingly innocuous smiley face can sometimes be used sarcastically or to patronize, thereby carrying a subtext that belies its surface cheerfulness. This subtlety allows users to maintain plausible deniability, as the true intent can always be contested.

Emojis can obfuscate the sender’s real intentions, making them effective tools for passive aggression. For instance, the use of a thumbs-up emoji could range from genuine approval to a dismissive or even sarcastic acknowledgment, depending on the context and the relationship between the interacting parties. This ambiguity can lead to misunderstandings and tension, particularly when the underlying social cues are misinterpreted or ignored.

The weaponization of emojis becomes evident in their role in online harassment and cyberbullying. Symbols like the snake, clown, or even a gun can be used to intimidate or threaten someone without the use of explicit language. This can complicate efforts to moderate such behavior on social platforms, as the emojis themselves are benign and ubiquitous in harmless contexts.

Emojis can serve as a means of exclusion and condescension. For example, using specific emojis that have in-group cultural meanings can alienate or belittle outsiders. Similarly, bombarding someone with a stream of emojis can overwhelm the recipient and belittle their viewpoints or feelings in a conversation.

As digital communication continues to evolve, so too does the language we use, including emojis. The complexity of human communication ensures that any tool that conveys meaning can be used both constructively and destructively. Understanding the potential for emojis to be used as tools of ambiguity and aggression is crucial for fostering more respectful and clear communication online.

As we become more aware of these dynamics, users and platforms alike can work towards creating guidelines and norms that discourage the harmful use of these powerful symbols.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Granite State Reporter | Published September 14, 2024 08:43

CONCORD, New Hampshire—Attorney General John M. Formella has recently voiced strong opposition against holding U.S. firearms manufacturers liable for gun violence in Mexico. This stance was supported by a coalition of 27 states, emphasizing a significant policy contradiction in how the U.S. manages domestic versus international accountability for the distribution and impact of potentially harmful products.

On Tuesday, Formella argued that implicating American gun manufacturers in Mexico’s violence would not only threaten the Second Amendment rights of Americans but also set a precedent that could affect U.S. jobs and international relations. "American manufacturers cannot be held responsible for actions beyond their control," Formella stated, underscoring a defense centered on constitutional rights and economic implications.

This legal posture starkly contrasts with the United States' approach to international drug policy. Historically, the U.S. has frequently blamed countries like Colombia and Mexico for not controlling the narcotics flow into the U.S., often ignoring the complex socio-economic factors that contribute to drug trafficking. Moreover, the U.S. blames China for its role in manufacturing precursor, which is an ingredient in drug manufacturing. Such positions have led to aggressive foreign policies, including aid conditions and direct intervention.

In the case of firearms, however, when the roles are reversed— with U.S. products contributing to violence abroad—leaders like Formella argue against similar accountability. This inconsistency highlights a broader dilemma in U.S. policy: the balance between protecting domestic interests and acknowledging the international consequences of American commerce.

The ongoing legal battle stems from the Mexican government’s claim that gun manufacturers are partly responsible for the violence in Mexico because they know some firearms are illegally trafficked across the border. Despite a dismissal by a Massachusetts federal judge in 2022, the First Circuit Court appealed, finding potential grounds in an exception to the 2005 Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA), which generally shields gun manufacturers from liability.

The case, Smith & Wesson Brands, Inc., et.al., v. Mexico, is pivotal, as it tests the boundaries of the PLCAA and the extent of legal accountability for American manufacturers whose products end up being used in crimes internationally. The argument from the coalition of states is that this is a matter for Congress, not the judiciary, emphasizing that legislative frameworks should guide the firearms industry's regulation.

Mexico’s decision not to militarize its border with the U.S. and its broader border policies were also highlighted in the brief, suggesting that Mexico’s approach to its border has exacerbated the issue, thereby relieving U.S. manufacturers from liability for the downstream effects of their products.

This ongoing legal discourse not only raises questions about the consistency of U.S. policies regarding accountability and control over domestically produced goods that have international impacts but also reflects on how constitutional rights are interpreted in a global context. As the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) prepares to review the case, it holds the potential to redefine the parameters of liability and responsibility for U.S. businesses on a global stage.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Granite State Reporter | Published September 13, 2024 15:30

In 2023, the United States witnessed a disturbing rise in censorship efforts targeting books within public and school libraries, with a record 4,240 unique titles facing bans. This represents a 65% increase from the previous year, underscoring a growing trend towards restricting access to a diverse range of voices and subjects, particularly those representing LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC communities, which comprised nearly half of the targeted materials.

The surge in censorship has been largely driven by organized groups, including those labeled as far-right extremist by civil rights organizations. These groups often challenge dozens or even hundreds of books at a time, significantly impacting the content available in educational and public settings. The trend reflects a broader movement of revising school district policies and state legislation to enforce these bans, thus threatening the core educational mission of these institutions to promote a well-rounded understanding of diverse cultures and perspectives.

The impact of these bans is profound, affecting not just the availability of books but also the professional lives of librarians and educators who face increasing threats over their efforts to defend intellectual freedom. Public libraries, which have traditionally served as community hubs for free access to knowledge, saw an alarming 92% increase in censorship demands.

Legal battles over book censorship continue to unfold, often prioritizing "community values" over the constitutional rights to free expression and access to information. The U.S. Supreme, in its rulings, has left much discretion to local school boards, which sometimes results in decisions that limit access to books based on content related to racial justice, gender identity, and more.

As this wave of censorship swells, it’s not only a fight for the freedom of speech but also for ensuring that public and educational libraries continue to reflect the diversity and complexity of society. The ongoing resistance against these bans highlights the crucial role of community engagement and legal advocacy in protecting these freedoms. The challenge ahead is substantial, requiring concerted effort from all stakeholders to safeguard the essential right to access a wide range of literary works without undue restriction.

For more information on the fight against book bans and to learn how you can help, visit https://uniteagainstbookbans.org/2023-book-bans and explore their resources.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
American Library Association
PEN America
JURIST
Unite Against Book Bans
Teachers College Columbia University

Granite State Reporter | Published September 13, 2024 15:18

LITTLETON, New Hampshire—Concerns about potential environmental contamination in the Ammonoosuc River were swiftly addressed this morning after a rust-brown fluid with visible oil slicks was reported leaking into the river. Granite State Reporter initially covered the incident after photos and videos emerged showing the fluid flowing from a drainage pipe near one of the rail trail bridges, just 200 feet from Littleton’s drinking water wells.

Chief Chad Miller of the Littleton Fire Department was on-site early this morning to conduct immediate water testing. The fire department’s prompt response underscores the seriousness of the situation. Accompanied by a Hazardous Materials Technician, Chief Miller performed tests for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), with initial results showing normal levels. Water samples were also collected for further analysis, ensuring a comprehensive assessment of the potential hazard.

Upon investigation, the source of the fluid was traced to a catch basin system on the property adjacent to the river. The property owner cooperated fully, allowing investigators access to inspect the system, which revealed no significant concerns. According to Chief Miller, the discharge was likely caused by a naturally occurring iron bacteria, which often creates a rust-brown color and an oily sheen that can easily be mistaken for petroleum pollution.

The New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES) Spill Response and Complaint Investigation Section visited the site later in the morning. While the drinking water wells nearby are currently inactive, they are in the process of certification for public drinking water use. NHDES emphasized the importance of the swift response and assured the public that further tests are underway.

Chief Miller noted that similar naturally occurring conditions were observed along other sections of the river. While the oily sheen appears to be from iron bacteria and not petroleum-based, final confirmation is pending the results of water samples, expected within 10 business days.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
Littleton Fire Rescue Press Release (September 13, 2024)
NH Department of Environmental Services (NHDES)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
NHDES Environmental Fact Sheet

Granite State Reporter | Published September 13, 2024 13:34

In the United States, alcohol is not merely a beverage; it is a significant cultural force that has been meticulously integrated into nearly every aspect of social life. From celebrations and social gatherings to sporting events and quiet dinners, alcohol consumption is both normalized and promoted. This normalization is the result of extensive marketing and advertising efforts by alcohol-related businesses, with billions of dollars spent annually to entrench their products in the daily lives of Americans.

Despite the jovial scenes depicted in commercials or the sophisticated ambiance of wine tastings, alcohol's darker repercussions manifest significantly on the nation’s roads. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reports a staggering figure of approximately 29 people dying daily due to motor vehicle crashes involving an alcohol-impaired driver. This equates to one death every 50 minutes—a statistic that underscores a national crisis.

The financial ramifications of these tragedies are profound, costing billions of dollars each year in emergency response services, medical bills, property damage, and lost productivity. Yet, despite the high stakes, drunk driving accidents still constitute nearly one-third of all traffic-related deaths in the U.S.

THE ECONOMICS BEHIND ALCOHOL NORMALIZATION
The alcohol industry is a powerhouse in terms of economic influence and lobbying. Major breweries, distilleries, and other alcohol-related businesses invest heavily in advertising that paints alcohol consumption as a harmless part of life. These campaigns are often aimed at embedding alcoholic products within the cultural fabric of society, presenting them as synonymous with relaxation, fun, or social prestige. This portrayal masks the potential dangers and leads to a public perception that underestimates the risks associated with drinking and driving.

LEGAL INTERVENTIONS & PUBLIC AWARENESS
Efforts to curb drunk driving through legal interventions and public awareness campaigns have been persistent. Laws such as mandatory DUI checkpoints, strict penalties, and educational programs aim to reduce the incidence of drunk driving. Campaigns like "Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over" are launched regularly to remind drivers of the legal and moral responsibilities they carry when behind the wheel.

However, these measures clash with the societal norms that have been shaped by decades of pro-alcohol messaging. Changing deeply ingrained behaviors and perceptions requires more than just laws and warnings; it demands a cultural shift in how alcohol consumption is viewed, especially concerning driving.

THE NEED FOR A CULTURAL SHIFT
To truly mitigate the impact of drunk driving, a dual approach is necessary. On one hand, continuing and enhancing stringent legal measures and public safety campaigns is crucial. On the other, there needs to be a societal shift that critically evaluates and potentially reshapes the cultural norms surrounding alcohol. This includes reducing the glorification of alcohol in media and reconsidering the ubiquity of alcohol at social events.

Only by addressing both the legal framework and the cultural context in which alcohol is consumed can we hope to see a significant reduction in the number of lives lost to drunk driving each year. This is a public health imperative that requires concerted efforts not only from policymakers and law enforcement but also from every sector of society that has, knowingly or unknowingly, contributed to the normalization of alcohol consumption.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Granite State Reporter | Published September 13, 2024 12:50

CONCORD, New Hampshire—Governor Chris Sununu of New Hampshire often touts his fiscal conservatism, claiming that his policies of low spending and no new taxes have kept the state’s financial house in order. However, a deeper examination of the socio-economic conditions in New Hampshire reveals significant areas of neglect and adverse impacts on the state's most vulnerable residents.

UNHOUSED & IMPOVERISHED
New Hampshire has seen a troubling rise in homelessness in recent years. As of the latest reports, the state’s homeless population increased by 21% from 2020 to 2021, which is among the highest rates of increase in the country. This surge can be attributed to a lack of affordable housing and insufficient support services, areas where Sununu’s administration has fallen short. His fiscal policies have prioritized budget cuts over expanding social services that could mitigate these issues.

The poverty rate in New Hampshire, while lower than the national average, still affects a significant portion of the population. Approximately 7.6% of New Hampshire residents live below the poverty line. This figure underscores the need for robust social safety nets and economic support programs, which have not been adequately addressed under Sununu’s governance. His veto of the paid family and medical leave bill is a prime example of missed opportunities to support working families struggling to make ends meet.

ALCOHOL-RELATED ISSUES & DUI ARRESTS
Alcohol misuse is another pressing issue in New Hampshire. The state has one of the highest per capita rates of alcohol consumption in the nation, which has serious public health implications. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, New Hampshire ranks second in the U.S. for alcohol consumption per capita . This high rate of consumption correlates with significant alcohol-related health problems and fatalities.

New Hampshire also grapples with high rates of DUI arrests. In 2020 alone, there were over 4,500 DUI arrests in the state . These figures highlight the urgent need for comprehensive alcohol education and prevention programs, as well as support for addiction treatment. However, Sununu’s administration has been criticized for not doing enough to address these issues effectively. While the "hub and spoke" model for addiction recovery was a step in the right direction, critics argue that it is insufficient without broader systemic support and funding.

NEGLECT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
Sununu’s approach to governance has often involved cutting budgets for critical social services. This includes his opposition to expanding Medicaid and his veto of several bills aimed at improving social welfare. For instance, his veto of the paid family and medical leave bill was a significant setback for efforts to provide economic security to families during times of medical emergencies or the birth of a child.

Sununu's stance on abortion has been a step backward for women’s rights in the state. By signing into law a 24-week abortion ban without exceptions for rape or incest, Sununu has aligned himself with regressive policies that restrict women’s access to essential health care.

While Governor Sununu claims fiscal prudence and no new taxes as his administration's achievements, the broader impact on New Hampshire residents tells a different story. Rising homelessness, persistent poverty, high rates of alcohol consumption and DUI arrests, and the neglect of essential social services and health care needs paint a picture of a state that is failing to support its most vulnerable citizens. Sununu’s governance, is marked by vetoes of beneficial social welfare initiatives and support for regressive policies, emphasizing the disconnect between fiscal conservatism and the human cost of such an approach.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
New Hampshire DHHS
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
New Hampshire State Police
New Hampshire Public Radio

Granite State Reporter | Published September 13, 2024 12:46

The state of New Hampshire has long prided itself on its "Live Free or Die" motto, symbolizing the independent spirit of its residents. However, Republican policies, particularly those under Governor Chris Sununu, have led to significant challenges for the state, adversely impacting the well-being of its citizens. The Republican government has consistently supported big business and wealthy private interests, at the expense of New Hampshire's most vulnerable residents. This approach has exacerbated social and economic inequalities, neglecting those who need assistance the most.

RISING POVERTY & UNHOUSED POPULATION
Homelessness in New Hampshire is on the rise. Despite the evident need for more affordable housing and comprehensive support services, there has been a notable lack of initiative from the state government. According to the New Hampshire Coalition to End Homelessness, the state's homeless population has seen a disturbing increase. This is compounded by the rising poverty rates, with many families struggling to make ends meet due to stagnant wages and insufficient social safety nets.

FAILING TO ADDRESS ALCOHOL-RELATED ISSUES
New Hampshire faces significant alcohol-related challenges, yet there has been an inadequate response from the state government. The rate of alcohol consumption and related disorders is notably high, with the state ranking among the top in the nation for per capita alcohol consumption. DUI arrests remain a pressing issue, but there are insufficient resources dedicated to prevention and rehabilitation programs. This lack of action directly affects public safety and health, leaving communities vulnerable.

EDUCATION & HEALTH SERVICES UNDER SIEGE
Governor Sununu's vetoes on critical health and education legislation have had far-reaching consequences. For instance, the veto of bills aimed at expanding mental health services and support for low-income families has left many without the necessary resources to thrive. The dismantling of progressive education reforms has led to a decline in educational outcomes, putting the future of New Hampshire’s youth at risk.

ATTACKS ON CIVIL RIGHTS & PERSONAL FREEDOMS
Sununu’s support for legislation that undermines civil rights is deeply troubling. The passage of anti-trans bills and restrictions on reproductive rights are stark examples of policies that infringe on personal freedoms. These actions not only violate fundamental human rights but also contribute to a climate of intolerance and discrimination in the state.

ECONOMIC INEQUALITY & MISGUIDED FISCAL POLICIES
While Governor Sununu touts balanced budgets and reduced debt, these come at a significant cost. The focus on cutting taxes primarily benefits the wealthy, increasing economic inequality. Essential services and infrastructure projects suffer due to insufficient funding, leading to long-term detriments for the state’s overall economic health.

ENVIRONMENTAL NEGLEGT
New Hampshire's natural beauty is a vital part of its identity and economy. However, Republican policies have often neglected environmental protection, prioritizing short-term economic gains over sustainable practices. This neglect has adverse effects on public health and the preservation of natural resources.

NATIONAL CONTEXT & BROADER IMPLICATIONS
The issues facing New Hampshire are reflective of a broader national trend where Republican policies undermine social welfare programs, restrict civil liberties, and fail to address pressing public health concerns. The state’s struggles with homelessness, substance abuse, and economic inequality are exacerbated by a lack of supportive governance and comprehensive policy solutions.

The direction in which New Hampshire is headed under Republican governance is alarming. From rising homelessness and poverty to inadequate responses to public health crises, the state’s residents are bearing the brunt of misguided policies. It is imperative for the state's leadership to pivot towards more resident-centered and supportive policies that prioritize the well-being of all New Hampshire residents.

The future of the Granite State is dependent upon a major shift in focus.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
New Hampshire Coalition to End Homelessness
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
New Hampshire Department of Safety
New Hampshire Public Radio (NHPR)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Granite State Reporter | Published September 13, 2024

NEW HAMPSHIRE—In recent years, the use of body-worn cameras by law enforcement has become increasingly common, driven by the need for greater transparency and accountability. New Hampshire has taken steps towards implementing this technology; however, the access to body-cam footage remains limited, raising concerns about transparency and public trust.

In New Hampshire, RSA 105-D:3 was enacted on July 1, 2021, establishing the Body-Worn and Dashboard Camera Fund. This legislation was a key recommendation of the Governor’s Commission on Law Enforcement Accountability, Community, and Transparency (LEACT) and aims to provide funding for local and county law enforcement agencies to purchase and maintain body-worn and dashboard cameras. The goal is to improve officer safety and transparency across the state.

Despite these advancements, access to body-cam footage is still highly restricted. Currently, the release of such footage is often controlled by law enforcement agencies, which can limit public access and hinder transparency. This restricted access has led to calls for legislative changes to ensure that body-cam footage is more readily available to the public, particularly in cases involving use of force or public interest.

Nationally, body-cam footage has played a critical role in providing clear and unbiased accounts of police interactions. A study by the Pew Research Center found that 92% of Americans support the use of body-worn cameras by police officers, believing that they increase accountability and trust in law enforcement. However, the effectiveness of body-cam programs hinges on the accessibility of the footage.

The Brennan Center for Justice highlights the need for policies that balance privacy concerns with the public’s right to know. They argue that transparent access to body-cam footage can help ensure accountability, reduce incidents of misconduct, and build public trust in law enforcement.

MOVING FORWARD: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NEW HAMPSHIRE
To address these concerns, New Hampshire could consider the following steps:

• Legislative Reforms: Implementing laws that clearly define when and how body-cam footage should be released to the public, ensuring timely and appropriate access.
• Independent Oversight: Establishing independent bodies to oversee the release of body-cam footage, removing potential biases from law enforcement agencies.
• Public Awareness: Educating the public on their rights regarding access to body-cam footage and how it can be used to hold law enforcement accountable.

By enhancing transparency through improved access to body-cam footage, New Hampshire can strengthen public trust and ensure that law enforcement practices are fair and accountable. This will not only benefit the community but also support officers in demonstrating their commitment to justice and integrity.

Visit https://www.dos.nh.gov/grants/body-worn-and-dashboard-camera-grant for more information on the grant funding and the application process.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
New Hampshire General Court
Brennan Center for Justice
Pew Research Center
New Hampshire Department of Safety

Granite State Reporter | Published September 13, 2024 11:13

The Supreme Court recently addressed a significant legal question in Trump v. United States: whether a former president enjoys immunity from criminal prosecution for actions taken during their presidency. This case emerged from charges against former President Donald Trump related to his alleged attempts to overturn the 2020 election results. Trump's legal team argued that his actions, taken in his official capacity as president, should grant him immunity from prosecution.

In June 2024, the Supreme Court ruled that while former presidents do have some immunity for official acts, this protection is not absolute. The Court did not fully exonerate Trump but remanded the case to lower courts to distinguish between Trump’s official and private actions. This nuanced decision leaves the door open for future prosecutions based on the specific nature of the conduct involved.

Tyranny is characterized by oppressive and autocratic rule, where a single person or a small group exercises absolute power without accountability. This often involves the suppression of freedoms and political dissent, reliance on fear and violence, and the arbitrary application of laws.

IMPLICATIONS TO DEMOCRACY
The Supreme Court’s decision in Trump v. United States raises concerns about the erosion of democratic principles and the slide toward tyranny. Here are the key implications:

1. Erosion of Checks and Balances: The American democratic system relies on a balance of power among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. If a president were granted broad immunity from prosecution, it could disrupt this balance, allowing for unchecked executive power.

2. Suppression of Political Dissent: Without accountability, a president could suppress opposition and dissent more freely, undermining the democratic process and citizens' rights.

3. Undermining Civil Liberties: A president immune from prosecution could infringe on civil liberties, including freedom of speech and assembly, which are fundamental to democracy.

THE PATH TO TYRANNY
The Supreme Court’s decision to remand the case rather than provide a definitive ruling on presidential immunity creates ambiguity that could be exploited in the future. This ambiguity risks setting a precedent where future presidents might act without fear of legal repercussions, edging closer to a tyrannical form of governance.

CENTRALIZATION OF POWER
Tyranny often involves the centralization of power. If presidents are perceived to be above the law, it leads to a dangerous concentration of authority in the executive branch.

EROSION OF JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE
An independent judiciary is crucial for upholding the rule of law. If courts are seen as ineffective in holding presidents accountable, it undermines their role as impartial arbiters of justice.

Trump v. United States is a pivotal case with far-reaching implications for the American legal and political landscape. Upholding the principles of accountability and the rule of law is essential to preventing the erosion of democracy and the rise of tyranny. As the case continues through the courts, the decisions made will shape the boundaries of presidential power and the resilience of American democratic institutions.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
ACLU of New Hampshire
Constitutional Accountability Center
SCOTUSblog
Oyez
Encyclopedia Britannica
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Washington Examiner

Granite State Reporter | Published September 13, 2024 11:03

NEW HAMPSHIRE—The Republican-led New Hampshire state government takes a "hands-off" approach, prioritizing support for big business over community safety and environmental health. This negligence has allowed industries to continue harmful practices without adequate accountability. Despite the growing evidence of PFAS-related health risks, efforts to enforce stricter regulations and EPA guidelines have been met with resistance.

The University of New Hampshire has conducted a study suggesting that treating PFAS contamination on a house-by-house basis could be more cost-effective than implementing municipal treatment systems. This approach is increasingly relevant given the severe health risks posed by PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) contamination in New Hampshire and beyond.

PFAS are synthetic chemicals used in various industrial applications and consumer products, such as non-stick cookware, water-repellent fabrics, and firefighting foams. These chemicals are highly resistant to environmental degradation and accumulate in the human body over time, leading to serious health issues including cancer, liver damage, decreased fertility, and thyroid disease. 

HOW PFAS ENTERED GROUNDWATER
For decades, industrial facilities, military bases, and manufacturing plants discharged PFAS into the environment through improper waste disposal and emissions. These chemicals then seeped into groundwater, contaminating drinking water supplies. The widespread use and disposal of PFAS were largely unchecked due to inadequate regulatory oversight and enforcement.

The PFAS crisis can be traced back to a significant lack of government oversight. For years, companies operated with minimal regulations, allowing dangerous levels of PFAS to be released into the environment. New Hampshire state agencies have and continue to fail in implementing stringent controls, resulting in long-term contamination of soil and water.

THE STUDY'S FINDINGS
The University of New Hampshire study advocates for house-by-house treatment of PFAS, highlighting several benefits:

• Cost-Effectiveness: Individual household treatments are more affordable compared to upgrading municipal water systems, which can cost millions.
• Targeted Solutions: This method allows for precise and effective treatment based on specific contamination levels in each home.
• Immediate Relief: House-by-house treatment can be implemented more quickly than large-scale municipal projects, providing faster protection for residents.

DATA & STATISTICS
The costs associated with municipal water treatment upgrades can reach tens of millions of dollars, whereas installing treatment systems in individual homes can significantly reduce expenses while ensuring safe drinking water. Millions of Americans have been exposed to unsafe levels of PFAS in drinking water.

THE NEED FOR CHANGE
The current approach to PFAS contamination highlights the need for stronger government intervention and regulatory oversight. Ensuring the safety and well-being of residents requires holding industries accountable and enforcing stringent environmental regulations. The reluctance of the New Hampshire state government to adopt stricter measures reflects a broader trend of prioritizing economic interests over public health.

The implementation of house-by-house treatment for PFAS contamination, as suggested by the University of New Hampshire study, offers a viable solution to a pressing problem. It is essential to recognize the root causes of this crisis, including inadequate government oversight and industry negligence. Moving forward, greater accountability, regulatory enforcement, and prioritizing community health over business interests are crucial to addressing and preventing further environmental contamination.

Visit https://www.ewg.org and https://www.epa.gov/pfas for more information on PFAS contamination and its impact.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
University of New Hampshire
Environmental Working Group
Environmental Protection Agency

Granite State Reporter | Published July 6, 2024 10:20

LITTLETON, New Hampshire—A significant ethical dilemma has emerged involving Linda MacNeil, a member of the Board of Selectmen, who also serves on the Littleton Water & Light Commission. The Board of Selectmen in Littleton is responsible for appointing members to the Littleton Water & Light Commission, further entangling governance roles and exacerbating potential conflicts of interest. This dual role is permissible under certain New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated (RSAs). However, it raises critical questions about conflicts of interest and the integrity of the democratic process within the town's governance.

Several RSAs provide the framework within which municipal officials operate, with some particularly relevant to this situation.

• RSA 41:8: This statute outlines the general duties and powers of the Board of Selectmen, including managing the prudential affairs of the town and performing legally prescribed duties.
• RSA 673:7: This statute allows planning board members to serve on other municipal boards under specific conditions while emphasizing the importance of avoiding conflicts of interest.
• RSA 91-A: Known as the Right-to-Know Law, this statute ensures transparency in government proceedings, mandating that municipal board actions be conducted openly and with public oversight.

ETHICAL & PROCEDURAL CONCERNS
The dual role of Linda MacNeil as both a Selectman and a member of the Littleton Water & Light Commission presents several ethical and procedural issues that undermine the democratic process.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Linda MacNeil’s dual role inherently creates a conflict of interest. Even with her abstaining from votes related to the Water & Light Commission, her position allows for potential biases and compromises public trust. For example, if the Littleton Water & Light Commission proposes a rate increase, MacNeil’s dual role could influence the Board’s response, despite her abstention from voting.

IMPACT ON DEMOCRATIC PROCESS
With only three members on the Board of Selectmen, each vote is critical. When MacNeil abstains from voting on issues related to the Water & Light Commission, it reduces the Board's decision-making capacity, effectively nullifying one-third of the governance power. This diminishes the effectiveness and representativeness of the Board, skewing decisions that require full participation.

VOTER CONFUSION
During the annual Town Meeting, the Board of Selectmen’s recommendations on various Warrants are presented to voters. An unexplained abstention by MacNeil on these recommendations leaves voters without clear guidance on the Board’s stance, potentially influencing their decisions without adequate context. For instance, if there is a Warrant related to infrastructure improvements funded by Water & Light rate increases, MacNeil’s abstention could lead to voter uncertainty regarding the Board’s position on the matter.

EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS
Proposed Rate Increases: If the Littleton Water & Light Commission proposes a rate increase, MacNeil’s dual roles place her in a conflicting position. As a Selectman, she should represent the town's best interests, but as a Commissioner, she might have an interest in justifying the rate increase.

Infrastructure Projects: Decisions regarding funding and approving infrastructure projects that involve the Water & Light Commission could be compromised. MacNeil's input as a Selectman could be seen as biased, favoring projects that align with the Commission’s goals over the town’s broader interests.

Contract Approvals: Approving contracts that involve both the town and the Water & Light Commission can lead to further conflicts. MacNeil’s dual roles might influence contract terms or the selection process, despite any abstentions from voting.

THE NEED FOR REEVALUATION
The situation involving Linda MacNeil underscores the need for stringent ethical standards and clear governance policies in Littleton. While current RSAs may permit dual roles under certain conditions, the potential for conflicts of interest and the impact on the democratic process require careful consideration. Ensuring transparency and integrity in all aspects of governance is crucial for maintaining public trust and effective municipal administration.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
New Hampshire General Court

Granite State Reporter | Published September 13, 2024 10:49

NEW HAMPSHIRE—Public libraries are more than just repositories of books; they are vibrant community hubs that provide essential services and foster lifelong learning. As such, the need for robust community support for public libraries has never been greater. Here’s why these institutions are indispensable and why they deserve our unwavering backing.

ACCESS TO INFORMATION & EDUCATION
Public libraries are crucial in promoting literacy and education. According to the American Library Association (ALA), libraries offer free access to books, digital resources, and educational programs that cater to all age groups. From story time sessions for toddlers to adult literacy programs, libraries ensure that everyone has the opportunity to learn and grow.

In today’s digital age, access to the internet is essential for various aspects of life, including education, job searching, and accessing government services. Public libraries play a pivotal role in bridging the digital divide by providing free internet access and digital literacy training. The Pew Research Center reports that 77% of Americans believe libraries provide them with the resources they need to navigate the digital world  .

Libraries contribute significantly to workforce development by offering job search assistance, resume writing workshops, and skills training programs. The Public Library Association (PLA) reports that many libraries have dedicated staff to help patrons with job applications and interview preparation, making them critical resources for those seeking employment .

Libraries serve as safe and welcoming spaces for community engagement. They host various events, from cultural programs to community meetings, fostering social inclusion and community cohesion. Libraries are instrumental in creating inclusive communities by providing spaces where people from diverse backgrounds can come together and share experiences  .

Many libraries offer health and wellness resources, including information on medical conditions, fitness classes, and support groups. Libraries often partner with local health organizations to provide valuable services, such as health screenings and mental health workshops  .

Libraries support economic development by offering financial literacy programs and resources for small business owners and entrepreneurs. These services include workshops on budgeting, investing, and business planning. By providing these resources, libraries help individuals and businesses thrive economically .

Public libraries play a key role in preserving local history and culture. They maintain archives of historical documents, photographs, and artifacts, providing access to the rich heritage of their communities. These collections are invaluable for researchers, historians, and residents interested in their local history .

THE NEED FOR COMMUNITY SUPPORT
Despite their vital role, libraries often face funding challenges. Community support is crucial to ensure that libraries can continue to provide these essential services. Many libraries rely heavily on local funding and donations to maintain their operations and expand their services .

Public libraries are foundational pillars of our communities, offering a wide range of services that support education, digital inclusion, workforce development, and community engagement. By advocating for and supporting our local libraries, we ensure that they can continue to serve as invaluable resources for all members of the community.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
American Library Association (ALA)
Public Library Association (PLA)
Pew Research Center
Urban Libraries Council (ULC)
Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS)
Library Journal

Granite State Reporter | Published August 21, 2024 08:14

MERRIMACK, New Hampshire—On Sunday, September 29, 2024, Merrimack Fire Rescue will host a Car Seat Safety Event from 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. at their facility located at 432 Daniel Webster Highway. This event highlights the critical importance of proper car seat installation and usage, offering parents and guardians an opportunity to have their car seat installations inspected by professionals.

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for children and youth over the age of 4, with over 5,000 fatalities annually among children and adolescents under 21 years old. Additionally, for every death, approximately 18 children are hospitalized, and over 400 require medical treatment due to crash-related injuries. These staggering statistics highlight the importance of car safety seats, which have been proven effective in preventing deaths and serious injuries among the youngest passengers.

Despite advancements in car seat technology, which have made these devices more effective and easier to use, a significant problem persists: misuse. Reports indicate that 3 out of 4 car safety seats are not used correctly, compromising their protective capabilities. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that in 2019, among children who died in crashes, 41% of 4-7-year-olds and 27% of children under 4 years old were unrestrained.

The correct use of car seats is vital. For instance, a rear-facing car seat is the safest option for infants and toddlers, as it significantly reduces the risk of leg injuries compared to forward-facing seats. Booster seats are crucial for older children, ensuring that the seat belt fits them properly, preventing potential harm in a crash. It is recommended that children remain in each stage of car seat as long as possible, according to their size and age.

Recognizing the importance of car seat safety, the Merrimack Fire Rescue event will provide an essential service by offering professional inspections of car seat installations. This service is particularly crucial as studies have shown that car safety seats are most effective when installed correctly. Certified child passenger safety technicians, who are trained to install car seats and educate families on proper usage, will be available during the event. These professionals can identify and correct common installation errors, ensuring that the car seats offer maximum protection.

SAFETY TIPS

• Always Use a Car Seat: Every trip, no matter how short, should involve proper restraint for every passenger, especially children.
• Correct Car Seat Usage: Ensure your child is in the correct seat for their age, size, and weight, and stay in each stage as long as possible.
• Rear-Facing is Safest for Young Children: Infants and toddlers are safest in rear-facing seats, which provide better protection in crashes.
• Seek Professional Help: Take advantage of certified child passenger safety technicians who can assist with car seat installation and usage.

NEED HELP INSTALLING A CAR SEAT?
Certified child passenger safety technicians play a crucial role in keeping our communities safe. It’s important to check if your local medical facility employs one of these experts. If they do, they can offer valuable consultations and guidance to families, particularly those with special needs. If a certified technician isn't available nearby, visit www.cert.safekids.org where you can easily locate one. These professionals are key partners in ensuring that children are properly secured on every journey.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
Merrimack Fire Rescue
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Granite State Reporter | Published September 12, 2024 18:28

LITTLETON, New Hampshire—A troubling discovery has been made along the banks of the Ammonoosuc River in Littleton. A concerned citizen Filed A Report regarding a strange fluid leak flowing into the river, just 200 feet away from the town's drinking water supply. Photos and video footage submitted to Granite State Reporter, show a rust-brown fluid seeping into the water, staining the riverbanks and leaving visible oil slicks on the edges of pooled water.

The source of the leak is believed to be located on the riverside of 158 Beacon Street, the registered site of Little Town Camp Ground LLC, which was formed in early 2024. Although the business is listed as an RV park and campground, the property houses numerous buildings, storage units, a large commercial garage, and heavy equipment, raising concerns about potential environmental hazards to Littleton's drinking water supply.

More alarmingly, the leak is within the well-head protection area, a zone established by the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES) to safeguard Littleton’s drinking water wells operated by Littleton Water & Light. This area is critical to preventing contaminants from entering the town’s water supply. A well-head protection area is an essential safeguard for any community that relies on groundwater for drinking water, and its purpose is to limit activities that could jeopardize the quality of the water in the wells.

Fluid leaks and contaminants entering a river system, particularly within such a sensitive area, pose significant risks. Contamination of drinking water sources can have far-reaching consequences, including potential public health risks and long-term impacts on the environment. Fluid leaks into bodies of water can lead to a host of issues, from water pollution to ecosystem disruptions. In a town like Littleton, where clean water sources are central to both public health and environmental stewardship, preventing and addressing such leaks is of paramount importance.

It is critical to note that the Ammonoosuc River is a vital natural resource, not only providing drinking water but also supporting local wildlife and recreation. Any fluid leak—whether it is oil, industrial runoff, or another contaminant—has the potential to disrupt this delicate balance. NHDES guidelines emphasize the need for immediate investigation and remediation in cases like this to ensure that contaminants do not reach dangerous levels.

Granite State Reporter has reached out to key figures involved, including Rodney Marvin, the registered owner of Little Town Camp Ground LLC, Littleton Fire Chief Chad Miller, Littleton Water & Light, and Andrew Koff at NHDES. As of this publication, no comments have been received from any parties.

Maintaining oversight and environmental protections in areas where these water resources are at risk, fall on the responsibility of Littleton Water & Light and NHDES. The source of this fluid leak must be identified and addressed swiftly to prevent further contamination and to protect the health and safety of Littleton's residents.

A concerned resident of Littleton Filed A Report with Granite State Reporter regarding this potential danger to Littleton's drinking water supply. Granite State Reporter investigates matters related to discrimination, environmental concerns, and societal issues. If you have a concern to share, visit us at www.GraniteStateReporter.com and File A Report today. Your voice matters, and we’re here to help bring important local issues to light!

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

[Photos © Granite State Reporter]

Sources:
Photos and video submitted by a concerned resident of Littleton
NH Department of Environmental Services (NHDES)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

Granite State Reporter | Published September 6, 2024 16:47

HOPKINTON, New Hampshire—On the afternoon of September 5, 2024, New Hampshire Fish and Game Conservation Officers responded to an emergency call regarding an individual who had fallen from a tree stand. At approximately 3:15 p.m., it was reported that Todd Quinn, of Warner, had sustained injuries in the fall and was unable to walk out of the woods near Dustin Road. The incident once again highlights the risks associated with outdoor activities, particularly the use of tree stands, which are popular among hunters.

Conservation Officers arrived at the scene at 4:35 p.m., where Hopkinton Police and Fire Department personnel were already engaged in the rescue efforts. Four rescuers from the Hopkinton Fire Department had entered the woods to assist Quinn. After treating his injuries, Quinn was carefully loaded onto a utility terrain vehicle (UTV) and driven out of the woods by 5:00 p.m. He was then transported to Concord Hospital for further evaluation. 

Quinn briefly recounted the incident to authorities, explaining that he had been moving his tree stand from one tree to another when the ladder-type stand gave way, causing him to fall to the ground. The fall resulted in a lower-body injury, leaving him unable to walk. 

The New Hampshire Fish and Game Department emphasized the importance of safety precautions when using tree stands. Tree stand accidents are the leading cause of injuries among hunters, accounting for about one-third of all hunting-related incidents. Each year, thousands of injuries occur from falls related to tree stands, many of which could have been prevented through the proper use of safety equipment, including harnesses. Hunters should always wear a full-body harness and follow safety guidelines when ascending or descending from a stand.

New Hampshire Fish and Game reminds all outdoor enthusiasts that safety harnesses should be worn at all times while climbing in and out of tree stands. It is also recommended to have a second person present when working with tree stands in remote areas. Factors such as tree condition, size, species, and ground stability should all be carefully considered when setting up stands to ensure safe and secure positioning.

COPYRIGHT © 2024 GRANITE STATE REPORTER

Sources:
NH Fish and Game
Tree Stand Safety Awareness Foundation
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
National Bowhunter Education Foundation